Time Slips, the Multiverse, and You

The nature of time is one of the biggest mysteries in science. Scientists simply do not understand what time is, at least partially, because it does not behave the same way in all circumstances. For example, did you know that clocks installed on airplanes—or even further away, on satellites—record time at different rates than here on Earth?

We all know that time has a physical component that is measured by clocks. This physical component of time exists because things and people move around in space: the motion of the Earth propels time forward in 24-hour days and 365-day years. We physically experience time because we experience ourselves and things moving around. This is obviously true when you think about different time zones. It isn’t the same time in New York as it is in Sydney because the Earth is moving. In fact, we are all traveling in time at about one second per second. This physical component of time was explained by Einstein who, more than 100 years ago, revolutionized the idea of how time works. He theorized that time and space are inextricably linked together. He also found that the universe has a speed limit of sorts: the speed of light. So while time and space are linked, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light (186,000 miles per second).

Whether or not stories like these are to be believed by others, the people who recount them certainly believe them. Given what we know and what we don’t know about how time works, how might these happen?

One explanation is a credible but controversial scientific theory called the multiverse theory. The multiverse theory supposes that an infinite number of worlds exist along different paths in time which arise out of each passing moment, suggesting that different things happen in each universe.[2]

Support for the multiverse theory comes from an arcane but scientifically valid Big Bang theory called cosmic inflation.[3] Cosmic inflation refers to a faster-than-light expansion of the universe that may be responsible for spawning an unlimited number of disconnected universes that eternally issue from one another. Cosmic inflation may have happened because, during its earliest instants of formation, the universe was expanding outward from a single point into nothingness. Said another way, the universe’s faster-than-light expansion could be due to the fact that it was expanding into something that was not itself, where the speed of light wouldn’t apply. This may explain just how the universe became so far-flung out of its early chaotic origins.[4]

Whether or not the multiverse, cosmic inflation, and an infinite number of disconnected universes eternally branching off from one another is the way time works remains to be proven by scientists. But the theories are intriguing, and they solve at least one famous problem scientists have with time travel: the grandfather paradox. The grandfather paradox states that if you were to go back in time and kill your grandfather before your father was born, then you wouldn’t exist in the first place to kill him. The multiverse theory solves that paradox in that you could kill a copy of your grandfather in an alternate universe and therefore still have been born in your universe. Of course, it leaves open the question of how you traveled between universes in the first place. Maybe someone experiencing a time slip will one day come back and explain how that works. Maybe you.